Ethnocentrism, Intergroup Anxiety and Willingness to Communicate Between Cultures: A Study on Javanese and Madurese Ethnic Students

Lucky Abrorry; Siti Kamilatus Saidah; M. Fahmi Aufar Asyraf; Syafruddin Faisal  Thohar; Endang Wahyuni

doi:10.29080/ipr.v6i1.1181

Authors

Lucky Abrorry Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Siti Kamilatus Saidah Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
M. Fahmi Aufar Asyraf Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Syafruddin Faisal Thohar Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Endang Wahyuni Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29080/ipr.v6i1.1181

Keywords:

Ethnocentrism, Intergroup Anxiety, Willingness to Communicate

Abstract

Inter-ethnic harmony needs to continue to be maintained for the sake of national and state life. This harmony starts from the willingness to inter-cultural communication. This research aims to investigate relationship between ethnocentrism, intergroup anxiety and willingness to communicate between cultures and examine differences in terms of gender and ethnicity. Using a correlational research design, this research involved 172 student respondents at UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya with 97 Javanese ethnic backgrounds and 75 Madurese students who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. The SFGENE-7 scale was used to measure the level of entocentrism, while the Greenland Group Anxiety Scale was used to measure intergroup anxiety, and the IWTC scale was used to measure the willingness to communicate between cultures. The results of this study indicate that ethnocentrism and intergroup anxiety have a significant negative relationship with willingness to communicate interculturally. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the three variables tested in terms of ethnicity and gender.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aldiansyah, M. A. (2019). Strategi Beradaptasi untuk Mahasiswa Perantauan terhadap Lingkungan Baru. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/2ek8t

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Timur. (2019). Jumlah Perguruan Tinggi, Mahasiswa, dan Tenaga Edukatif (Negeri dan Swasta) di Bawah Kementrian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Timur, 2018/2019. https://jatim.bps.go.id/statictable/2019/10/09/1658/jumlah-perguruan-tinggi-mahasiswa-dan-tenaga-edukatif-negeri-dan-swasta-di-bawah-kementrian-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-jawa-timur-2018-2019-.html

Campbell, N. (2016). Ethnocentrism and intercultural willingness to communicate: A study of New Zealand management students. 2016.

Cargile, A., & Bolkan, S. (2013). Mitigating inter- and intra-group ethnocentrism: Comparing the effects of culture knowledge, exposure, and uncertainty intolerance. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 345–353.

Croucher, S. M. (2013). Integrated Threat Theory and Acceptance of Immigrant Assimilation: An Analysis of Muslim Immigration in Western Europe. Communication Monographs, 80(1), 46–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2012.739704

Deardorff, D. (2011). Assessing intercultural competence. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2011, 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.381

Fatemi, A. H., Khajavy, G. H., & Choi, C. W. (2016). Testing a Model of Intercultural Willingness to Communicate based on Ethnocentrism , Ambiguity Tolerance and Sensation Seeking: The Role of Learning English in Iran Testing a Model of Intercultural Willingness to Communicate based on Ethnocentrism , Ambiguity Tolerance and Sensation Seeking: The Role of Learning English in Iran. 5759(June). https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2016.1190776

Giri, R. S. (2016). Hubungan antara konsep diri dengan komunikasi interpersonal pada mahasiswa yang berasal dari provinsi X. UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA.

Gonzalez, E., Pang, K., Sweeney, G., & Wang, A. (2017). Studying Abroad and Willingness to Relocate Overseas. Pepperdine Journal of Communication Research, 5(1). https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/pjcr/vol5/iss1/13

Greenland, K., Xenias, D., & Maio, G. (2012). Intergroup anxiety from the self and other: Evidence from self ‐ report , physiological effects , and real interactions. February 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.867

Gudykunst, W. D. (1995). Anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory: Current status. In Intercultural communication theory (pp. 8–58). Sage Publications, Inc.

Harel, N. M. N. (2019). Pilihan Hunian Sewa Di Kalangan Mahasiswa Perantauan Di Kota Surabaya. UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA.

Hasibuan, A. A. (2016). Strategi manajemen konflik antarpribadi antarbudaya pada mahasiswa perantau luar pulau Jawa di Kota Semarang. Intuisi: Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah, 8(2), 101–108.

Imamura, M., Ruble, R. A., & Zhang, Y. B. (2016). English Proficiency, Identity, Anxiety, and Intergroup Attitudes: US Americans’ Perceptions of Chinese. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 45(6), 526–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2016.1240704

Imamura, M., Zhang, Y. B., & Shim, C. (2012). US host nationals’ attitudes toward Japanese: The role of communication and relational solidarity in the intergroup contact hypothesis. Asian Journal of Communication, 22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2012.717096

Justen, J. (2009). Ethnocentrism, Intercultural Interaction and U.S. College Students’ Intercultural Communicative Behaviors: An Exploration of Relationships. Masters Theses. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/534

Kassing, J. W. (1997). Development of the intercultural willingness to communicate scale. Communication Research Reports, 14(4), 399–407.

Katz, I. (1991). Gordon Allport’s “The Nature of Prejudice.” Political Psychology, 12(1), 125–157. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791349

Kernahan, C., & Davis, T. (2007). Changing Perspective: How Learning About Racism Influences Student Awareness and Emotion. Teaching of Psychology, 34, 49–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280709336651

Lamal, P. (2007). Our Underachieving Colleges: A Candid Look at How Much Students Learn and Why They Should Be Learning More. The Journal of Higher Education, 78, 609–611. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2007.11772333

Logan, S., & Hunt, C. (2014). Investigating the Effect of Anxiety , Uncertainty and Ethnocentrism on Willingness to Interact in an Intercultural Communication Investigating the Effect of Anxiety , Uncertainty and Ethnocentrism on Willingness to Interact in an Intercultural Communication. November. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022114555762

Logan, S., Steel, Z., & Hunt, C. (2016). Intercultural willingness to communicate within health services: Investigating anxiety, uncertainty, ethnocentrism and help seeking behaviour. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 54, 77–86.

McCroskey, J., & Richmond, V. (1990). Willingness to communicate: A cognitive view. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 5, 19–37.

Mortazavi, S., Tamam, E., Bolong, J., & Pahlevan Sharif, S. (2015). Impact of Ethnocentrism on Interethnic Interactions among Local Students in Malaysian Universities. 5, 11–30.

Neto, J., & Neto, F. (2022). Ethnocentrism: A Short Form Measure (SFGENE-7). SAGE Open, 12(2), 21582440221094588. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221094589

Neuliep, J. W. (2012). The Relationship among Intercultural Communication Apprehension, Ethnocentrism, Uncertainty Reduction, and Communication Satisfaction during Initial Intercultural Interaction: An Extension of Anxiety and Uncertainty Management (AUM) Theory. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 41(1), 1–16.

Paolini, S., Hewstone, M., Cairns, E., & Voci, A. (2004). Effects of Direct and Indirect Cross-Group Friendships on Judgments of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland: The Mediating Role of an Anxiety-Reduction Mechanism. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 770–786. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203262848

Pettigrew, T. (1998). Intergroup Contact Theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65

Pettigrew, T., & Tropp, L. (2008). How Does Intergroup Contact Reduce Prejudice? Meta-Analytic Tests of Three Mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 922–934. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.504

Pragash, M., Sultana, M. A., & Khor, K. K. (2018). ETHNOCENTRISM AND INTERCULTURAL WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE : A STUDY OF MALAYSIAN PRIVATE. 16–23.

Rajan, P. M., Alam, S., Kia, K. K., & Subramaniam, C. R. S. P. R. (2021). Intercultural Communication and Barriers in Malaysian Public Universities: The Mediating Effect of Intercultural Willingness to Communicate. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 21(2).

Ruble, R., & Zhang, Y. B. (2012). The impact of stereotypes on American students’ willingness to communicate with Chinese international students.

Stephan, W. G. (2014). Intergroup Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Practice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314530518

Tamam, E. (2013). Interracial Bridging Social Capital among Students of a Multicultural University in Malaysia. Journal of College Student Development, 54(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2013.0000

Tegelaar, M. (2012). Intergroup Anxiety , Ethnocentrism , and Willingness to Communicate with Persons Experiencing Homelessness.

Wright, S., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. (1997). The Extended Contact Effect: Knowledge of Cross-Group Friendships and Prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.73.